Washington State University engineers create first 3D printed beating heart model for realistic surgical rehearsal

Washington State University engineers create a 3D-printed heart model with integrated sensors that beats, allowing surgeons to practice valve repairs.

By: AXL Media

Published: Mar 4, 2026, 9:18 AM EST

Source: The information in this article was sourced from Washington State University

Advancing surgical training through synthetic modeling

Surgeons and medical students traditionally rely on animal models, cadavers, or computer simulations to practice complex cardiac procedures. While effective, these methods are often not patient-specific, lack reusability, or fail to capture the dynamic movement of a living organ. Researchers at Washington State University (WSU) have addressed these limitations by developing a 3D-printed model of the left side of the heart that actually beats. This fully synthetic replica allows doctors to rehearse surgeries while the model is in motion, providing a high-fidelity environment for mastering minimally invasive techniques that are critical for modern cardiac care.

Anatomical precision via layer by layer printing

Unlike previous synthetic models created through mold-casting, the WSU heart model utilizes a layer-by-layer 3D printing approach based on real cardiac scans. This technique allows for the replication of complex anatomical curvatures that were previously impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing. The model focuses on the left side of the heart—the atrium and ventricle—which performs the vital function of pumping oxygenated blood throughout the body. By mimicking the soft texture and intricate internal geometry of a real heart, the model provides a realistic tactile experience for medical professionals during pre-surgical rehearsals.

Dynamic functions and integrated sensor technology

The heart model is equipped with multiple tiny pneumatic actuators that simulate the rhythmic pumping of a living organ. It also includes string-like materials that manage the movement of the mitral valve, mirroring the natural mechanics of a human heart. To provide real-time feedback during practice, the researchers incorporated customized sensors that monitor "blood pressure" as imitation blood is pumped through the system. This integration of anatomical features and dynamic functions allows surgeons to see exactly how their interventions affect the heart's performance during a simulated procedure.